A global linguistic database : Query result

Number: 21

Language: Ganade

Location: South Africa

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Number: 22

Language: Shua

Dialect: Cara

Location: NE Botswana

Population: 6,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^ʔ t^x c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h k^ʔ q ʔ
b d ɟ ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx
    d^z
    s x h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h t^ʔ t^x d c c^h c^ʔ c^x ɟ k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ^ŋɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n q/ /^x /^h /^ʔ
ǂ^ʔ
! ɡ!n !^h
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n ||^x ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j ^ʔj (w)

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe oa ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mfn 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 23

Language: Shua

Dialect: /Xaise

Location: NE Botswana

Population: 6,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^ʔ c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d d^j ɟ ^ñɟ ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx
    d^z
    s x h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h t^ʔ d c c^h c^ʔ c^x ɟ k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ^ŋɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n /^x /^h /^ʔ
!^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n ||^x ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j ^ʔj

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oi oe oa ui ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 24

Language: Danisin

Alternate Name: Danisi

Location: NE Botswana

Population: 100

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: North-Central

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^ʔ t^x c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h q ʔ
b d d^j ⁿd^j ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx k^xʔ d^z
    s x h
    ɣ
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h t^ʔ t^x d d^j ⁿd^j c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h ɡ ^ŋɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x ɣ h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n q/ /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ n/^x
qǂ
! ɡ! !^x !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n q|| ||^x ɡ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ n||^x
[n/x = prenasalized]

Glides: j ^ʔj w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe oa ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 25

Language: Deti

Location: NE Botswana

Population: 6,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Central

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

   p t t^h c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h k^ʔ ʔ
b d ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx
    d^z
    s x h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h d c c^h c^ʔ c^x k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ^ŋɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n /^x /^h /^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n ||^x ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j ^ʔj (w)

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe oa ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc
c=common

Syntax: SOV

Number: 26

Language: Kxoe

Location: NE Namibia

Population: 10,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Central

Grammar:

Köhler, Oswin. 1981. "Les langues khoisan," in Les langues dans le monde ancien et moderne, ed. by Jean Perrot, Paris, Éditions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 455-615.
DKS

Consonant system:

p p^h t t^h t^ʔ k q ʔ
b d ɡ ^ŋɡ
t^sʔ t^x č č^x k^x k^xʔɡ̌ ç h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p p^h b t t^h t^ʔ d k ɡ ^ŋɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^sʔ t^x č č^x ɡ̌ k^x k^xʔ

Fricatives: ç h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ /^h /^x ɡ/ ɡ/n /^xʔ n/ /^ʔq/ǂ ǂ^h ǂ^x ɡǂ ɡǂn ǂ^xʔ nǂ ǂ^ʔqǂ! !^h !^x ɡ! ɡ!n !^xʔ n! !^ʔ q!|| ||^h ||^x ɡ|| ɡ||n ||^xʔ n|| ||^ʔ q||

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ei eu ae ao oe oɛ oa ui ue uɛ ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Syllable: (C)V(N)

Tones: hi hi-fall-mid hi-fall-lo mid-ris-hi₁ mid-ris-hi₂lo-ris₁ lo-ris₂

Noun Number: s d p

Gender: m f n

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mfn 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV AN GN DN NUM-N POSS-N

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 27

Language: Buka

Alternate Name: Buga

Dialect: ?dialect of Kxoe

Location: NE Namibia

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources:

CBH
WPF

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^ʔ t^x k k^h
b (^mb) d (ⁿd) ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx k^xʔ d^z
    s x h
m (n) (ñ) ŋ

Stops: p b (^mb) t t^h t^ʔ t^x d (ⁿd) k k^h ɡ ^ŋɡ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m (n) (ñ) ŋ

Clicks:

/ /^h /^x ɡ/ n/n /^xʔ n/ /^ʔq/ǂ ǂ^h ǂ^x ɡǂ nǂn ǂ^xʔ nǂ ǂ^ʔqǂ! !^h !^x ɡ! n!n !^xʔ n! !^ʔ q!|| ||^h ||^x ɡ|| n||n ||^xʔ n|| ||^ʔ q||
n/n = voiced nasal

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe oɛ oa ui ue uɛ ua uo
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall lo-ris lo-lev

Pronouns:

1mf 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 28

Language: Handa

Alternate Name: /Anda

Location: NE Namibia

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

   p (^mp^h) t t^h t^ʔ t^x k k^h
b (^mb) d (ⁿd) ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx k^xʔ d^z
    s x h
m (n) (ñ) ŋ

Stops: p (^mp^h) b (^mb) t t^h t^ʔ t^x d (ⁿd) k k^h ɡ ^ŋɡ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m (n) (ñ) ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n / n/n q/ /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ
! ɡ! n! n!n q! !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| n||n q|| ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ nǂn qǂ ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au ɛu oe oɛ oa ui ue uɛ
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃ ũã

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall lo-ris lo-lev

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc
c=common

Syntax: SOV

Number: 29

Language: Xû

Alternate Name: Kxoe

Dialect: ||Ani

Location: Angola

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources:

Vossen, Rainer. 1986. "Zur Phonologie der ||Ani-Sprache," in Contemporary Studies on Khoisan 2, ed. by Rainer Vossen and Klaus Keuthmann, Hamburg, Helmut Buske, 321-45.
CBH

Consonant system:

   p t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ t̪^x k k^h q ʔ
b d̪ d̪^x ɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx k^xʔ d^z d^zx
    s x h
    ɣ
m n ŋ

Stops: p b t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ t̪^x d̪ d^x k k^h ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z d^zx k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x ɣ h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n q/ /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ n/^x
! ɡ! n! ɡ!n q! !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ n!^x
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n q|| ||^x ɡ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ n||^x
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ ɡǂn qǂ ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ nǂ^x

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Diphthongs:

ae ai ao au oa oe oɛ ua ue uɛ
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũã ũı̃

Tones: hi-lev hi-fall lo-ris lo-lev

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV POSS-N

Number: 30

Language: G||ana

Alternate Name: ||Ana

Location: W Botswana

Population: 2,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest

Dictionary: Tanaka, Jiro. 1978. A San Vocabulary of the Central Kalahari. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

Grammar: DKS

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ k^x k^xʔ
    d^z
    s x h
m n

Stops: p b t t^h t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ d^z k^x k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n q/ /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ ɡǂn qǂ ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ
! ɡ! n! ɡ!n q! !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n q|| ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ã ũ

Modified Vowels: a^ɒ o^ɒ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃
ai^ɒ oa^ɒ a^ɒo o^ɒi o^ɒa
[oa^ɒ=pharyngealized; o^ɒa=partially pharyngealized]

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc
c=common

Syntax: SOV AN

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 31

Language: G||ana

Alternate Name: ǂHaba

Location: W Botswana

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Northwest

Dictionary: Tanaka, Jiro. 1978. A San Vocabulary of the Central Kalahari. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

Grammar: DKS

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^x k k^h k^ʔ q ʔ
b d ɡ ^ŋɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ k^xʔ
    d^z
    s x h
m n ñ ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h t^x d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ ^ŋɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ d^z k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ ɡǂn ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ
! ɡ! n! ɡ!n !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e ɛ

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ı̃ ã ũ

Modified Vowels:

i^ɒa^ɒ u^ɒ o^ɒ
ã^ɒ ũ^ɒ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au oe oɛ oa ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃
ai^ɒ ae^ɒ au^ɒoa^ɒ ui^ɒ ue^ɒ ãı̃^ɒ ũı̃^ɒ

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc
c=common

Syntax: SOV AN

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 32

Language: G/wi

Location: W Botswana

Population: 2,500

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest

Dictionary: Tanaka, Jiro. 1978. A San Vocabulary of the Central Kalahari. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

Grammar: DKS

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^x t^ʔ k k^h k^ʔ q ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ k^x k^xʔ
    d^z
    s x h
m n ŋ

Stops: p b t t^h t^x t^ʔ d k k^h k^ʔ ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sx t^sʔ d^z k^x k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m n ŋ

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n q/ /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ ɡǂn qǂ ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ
! ɡ! n! ɡ!n q! !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n q|| ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
ɛ
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ã ũ

Modified Vowels: e^ɒ a^ɒ o^ɒ

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au ei oe oa ui ue ua
ãı̃ ãũ õã ũı̃
o^ɒi õã^ɒ
[oa^ɒ=pharyngealized; o^ɒa=partially pharyngealized]

Tones: hi-lev lo-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Noun Number: s p

Gender: m f

Demonstratives: 2

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc
c=common

Syntax: SOV AN

Prep/Post: POST

Number: 33

Language: Naron

Alternate Name: Naro

Location: W Botswana

Population: 14,000

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest

Grammar: DKS

Other Sources:

CBH
NBL

Consonant system:

   p t t^h t^x k k^h q ʔ
b d ɡ
    t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx k^xʔ d^z
    s x h
m (n)

Stops: p b t t^h t^x d k k^h ɡ q ʔ

Affricates: t^s t^sh t^sʔ t^sx d^z k^xʔ

Fricatives: s x h

Nasals: m (n)

Clicks:

/ ɡ/ n/ ɡ/n /^x /^xʔ /^h /^ʔ
! ɡ! n! ɡ!n !^x !^xʔ !^h !^ʔ
|| ɡ|| n|| ɡ||n ||^x ||^xʔ ||^h ||^ʔ
ǂ ɡǂ nǂ ɡǂn ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels:

ã ũ
ã^ɒ ũ^ɒ

Modified Vowels: v^ɒ (pharynɡealized) all

Diphthongs:

ai ae ao au (ei) ɛi oe oa ui ue
ãı̃ ãũ õã
ai^ɒ ae^ɒ au^ɒ oa^ɒ ui^ɒ ua^ɒ a^ɒo (partially pharyngealized)
o^ɒa ãı̃^ɒ ãũ^ɒ

Tones: lo-lev hi-lev hi-fall lo-ris

Pronouns:

1 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mf 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 34

Language: G||ani

Location: Namibia

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest

Consonant system:

Syntax: SOV

Number: 35

Language: N/hain.tse

Location: Botswana

Classification: Khoisan: Central: Tshu-Khwe: Southwest

Other Sources: CBH

Consonant system:

Pronouns:

1mf 4dmfc 4mfc
2mf 5dmfc 5mfc
3mfn 6dmfc 6mfc

Syntax: SOV

Number: 36

Language: !Ô

Location: Botswana

Classification: Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 37

Language: ǂHû

Alternate Name: ǂHua

Location: W Botswana

Population: 1,000

Classification: Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a

TextBooks: Maingard, L. F. 1958. "Three Bushman Languages," African Studies 16: 37-71.

Other Sources:

Traill, A. 1974. "Agreement Systems in !xõ," Limi 2:2, 12-27.
CBH

Consonant system:

   (p) t k ʔ
   b d ɡ
    t^sʔ č^ʔ k^xʔ d^z
    s š x h
β
m n ñ ŋ
    l
    ɾ̣

Stops: (p) b t d k ɡ ʔ

Affricates: t^sʔ d^z č^ʔ k^xʔ

Fricatives: β s š x h

Nasals: m n ñ ŋ

Laterals: l

Vibrants: ɾ̣

Clicks:

ʘ ʘ^h ʘ^ʔ ɡʘ ʘ^x nʘ
/ /^h /^ʔ ɡ/ /^x /^xʔn/
! !^h !^ʔɡ! !^x !^xʔ n!
|| ||^h ||^ʔɡ|| ||^x ||^xʔ n||
ǂ ǂ^h ǂ^ʔɡǂ nǂ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Long Vowels: v̄

Nasal Vowels:

ṽ
v̄̃

Tones: tones

Pronouns:

1 4
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO NA GN ND POSS-N

Prep/Post: PREP

Number: 38

Language: N/amani

Alternate Name: !Xóõ

Location: SW Botswana

Population: 4,200

Classification: Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a

Dictionary: Traill, Anthony. 1994. A !Xóo Dictionary. Köln: Rudiger Köppe Verlag.

Consonant system:

   p p^h p^ʔk^xʔ t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ t̪^x ^dt̪^h ^dt̪^x k k^h k^ʔ k^xʔ ^ɡk^h q q^h q^{ʔ G}q^h ʔ
b d̪ ɟ ɡ G
    t^s ^dt^sh t^sxt^sʔt̪^ʔk^xʔ ^dt̪^ʔk^xʔ ^dt^sx t^sʔk^xʔ ^dt^sʔk^xʔ d^z
f s x h
m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪ ñ
    l

Stops: p p^h p^ʔk^xʔ b t̪ t̪^h t̪^ʔ t̪^x ^dt̪^h ^dt̪^x d̪ ɟ k k^h k^ʔ k^xʔ ^ɡk^h ɡ q q^h q^{ʔ G}q^h G ʔ

Affricates: t̪^ʔk^xʔ ^dt̪^ʔk^xʔ t^s ^dt^sh t^sxt^sʔ ^dt^sx t^sʔk^xʔ ^dt^sʔk^xʔd^z

Fricatives: f s x h

Nasals: m ^ʔm n̪ ^ʔn̪ ñ

Laterals: l

Clicks:

ʘ ɡʘ ʘ^x ɡʘ^x ʘk^xʔ ɡʘk^xʔ qʘ Gʘ qʘ^h Gʘ^h qʘ^ʔ ʘ^h n̥ʘ nʘ ^ʔnʘ ʘ^ʔ
/ ɡ/ /^x ɡ/^x /k^xʔ ɡ/k^xʔ q/ G/ q/^h G/^h q/^ʔ /^h n̥/ n/ ^ʔn/ /^ʔ! ɡ! !^x ɡ!^x !k^xʔ ɡ!k^xʔ q! G! q!^h G!^h q!^ʔ !^h n̥! n! ^ʔn! !^ʔ|| ɡ|| ||^x ɡ||^x ||k^xʔ ɡ||k^xʔ q|| G|| q||^h G||^h q||^ʔ ||^h n̥|| n|| ^ʔn|| ||^ʔǂ ɡǂ ǂ^x ɡǂ^x ǂk^xʔ ɡǂk^xʔ qǂ Gǂ qǂ^h Gǂ^h qǂ^ʔ ǂ^h n̥ǂ nǂ ^ʔnǂ ǂ^ʔ

Glides: (w)

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Modified Vowels:

v̰ (pharyngealized) all
v̤ (breathy voice) all
v^ʔ (laryngealized) all

Tones: lev fall

Noun Number: s p

Noun Classes: 5

Pronouns:

1 4d 4
2 5d 5
3ai 6ai

Syntax: SVO NA GN ND POSS-N N-D-A

Number: 39

Language: ||Ng.!'e

Location: South Africa

Classification: Khoisan: Southern: Ta'a

Consonant system:

Syntax: SVO

Number: 40

Language: N/huki

Location: South Africa

Population: 20

Classification: Khoisan: Southern: !Wi

Grammar: Lanham, L. W. and D. P. Hallowes, 1956. "An Outline of the Structure of Eastern Bushman," African Studies 15, 97-118.

Other Sources:

Maingard, L. F. ????. "The ǂKhomani Dialect of Bushman: Its Morphology and Other Characteristics," in Bushman of the Southern Kalahari, 237-75.
CTIL 7, 414.
CBH

Consonant system:

    t c c^h k
b ɟ ɡ
    t^sʔ k^xʔ
    s š x
β
m ^ʔm n ŋ ^ʔŋ
    l

Stops: b t c c^h ɟ k ɡ

Affricates: t^sʔ k^xʔ

Fricatives: β s š x

Nasals: m ^ʔm n ŋ ^ʔŋ

Laterals: l

Clicks:

ʘ ʘ^h ʘ^ɦ ʘ^ʔ ɡʘ ʘ^x ʘ^xʔ nʘ nʘ^ɦ
/ /^h /^ɦ /^ʔ ɡ/ /^x /^xʔ n/ n/^ɦ
ǂ ǂ^h ǂ^ɦ ǂ^ʔ ɡǂ ǂ^x ǂ^xʔ nǂ nǂ^ɦ
|| ||^h ||^ɦ ||^ʔ ɡ|| ||^x ||^xʔ n|| n||^ɦ
! !^h !^ɦ !^ʔ ɡ! !^x !^xʔ n! n!^ɦ

Glides: j w

Vowel system:

i u
e o
a

Front Vowels: i e

Central Vowels: a

Back Vowels: u o

Nasal Vowels: ṽ all

Tones: tones

Noun Number: s p

Pronouns:

1 4ie
2 5
3 6

Syntax: SVO AN GN N-NUM POSS-N